Gamak
The word gamak is derived from the Sanskrit word 'gam', which
means to move. Singing or playing a serious note is called gamak. In 'Sangeet Ratnakarr', Pandit Sharangdev ji has written that
"Swarasya kampo gamak: shrotrichitta sukhavaha."
The vibration of notes which gives pleasure to the listener
is called gamak. In olden times, there were 15 types of gamak. Even today, some
of these are used by giving different names, such as meend, murki, khatka,
gitkadi, zamzama etc. Gamak is produced by putting pressure on the heart. The
note is shaken in a specific way. It is inspired more. Pandit Sharangdev ji has
created 15 types of gamak.
Types of Gamak
1.Āndolita Or Vibrating:-
The word "vibrating" means that one note vibrates
at a time.
2. Leen:-
A note is said to be lean when it vibrates for 1/2 the time.
3. Plavit:-
The flood tone vibrato occurs in 3/4th period of the volume.
4. Kampit:-
When a note vibrates for a quarter of
the time of a maatra it is called kampit. The current name is Khatka.
5. Sphurit:-
A note is called sphurit when its
vibration takes place in 1/6 time. Today it is called gitkari.
6. Tirip:-
Tirip occurs in 1/8th period of vibration of a note.
7. Vali:-
Vali means to vibrate the vowels quickly. The present name is Meend.
8. Kurula:-
It is called Kurula when the vowels of Vali are close. The present name
is Ghaseet.
9. Mudrit:-
The printed words are called vibrating vowels with the closed
mouth.
10. Humphit/ Gumphit:-
Serious vocal vibrations are called 'Gumphit'.
11. Tribhinn:-
Tribhinna is a vibrato that quickly plays similar notes
across three octaves (Saptak).
12. Aahat:-
The word aahat is a slight touch of the original vowel. Its present
name is Kan.
13. Ulhasit:-
Ulhasit means moving the notes sequentially descending or
ascending order.
14. Namit:-
The named word means to vibrate the voice humbly.
15. Mishrit:-
Mixed singing involves playing more than two types of
instruments simultaneously.
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