Gram
Gram is a Sanskrit word which simply means village or
countryside. Matang Muni ji writes in his book Brihaddeshi, just as the place
of residence of many men is called a village, in the same way the place of
residence of swaras and shrutis is called a village (Gram).
Pandit Damodar ji writes in Sangeet Darpan: "Gramah swar-group syad murchana deh
samashrayah" means such a group of gramam swars is called which is the
shelter of fainting.
P. Sharangdev ji
writes in 'Sangeet Ratnakar': "Such
a group of voices which is the basis of idiosyncrasies" is called
grama.
In 'Sangeet Parijat'
Pt. Ahobal says that a group of swaras is called a gram. Vowels (Swar)and
vowels (Swar) form Gram from Shruti, so in the end we can say that the group of
seven Swamuh established at the difference of certain Shruti is called Gram.
Gram is considered to be of three types:
(1) Shadj grams
(2) Medium gram
(3) Gandhara village
(1) Shadj Gram: - In ancient times each swara was established
on its last shruti and seven swaras were considered according to this shloka
written below.
“Chatushchatushchatushchaiva Shadj Madhyam Panchma: Dwai Dwai
Nishad Gandharo, Tristi Rishabh Dhaivatoh”
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
S R G M P D N
(This is called Shadj Gram.) These seven swaras are
established on 4:3:2:4:4:3:2 Shruti differences.
(2) Madhyam Gram: - By reducing one shruti of the fifth swar
in the voices of 'Shadaj Gram', Madhyam Gram is formed "like in Shadaj
Gram, Pancham is established on 17th Shruti; .
The swaras of Madhyam Gram are established on 4:3:2:4:3:4:2
Shruti intervals, it is called Madhyam Gram.
(3) Gandhar gRAM :- This was used by Gandharva people only.
It is believed that Gandharva music also went with him when he went to heaven.
Bharat Muni did not write anything about it in his Natya
Shastra, Matang Muni wrote it but did not explain it. This gRAM started ending
in ancient times itself.
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