Gram (English)

Gram

Gram is a Sanskrit word which simply means village or countryside. Matang Muni ji writes in his book Brihaddeshi, just as the place of residence of many men is called a village, in the same way the place of residence of swaras and shrutis is called a village (Gram).

Pandit Damodar ji writes in Sangeet Darpan: "Gramah swar-group syad murchana deh samashrayah" means such a group of gramam swars is called which is the shelter of fainting.

P. Sharangdev ji writes in 'Sangeet Ratnakar': "Such a group of voices which is the basis of idiosyncrasies" is called grama.

In 'Sangeet Parijat' Pt. Ahobal says that a group of swaras is called a gram. Vowels (Swar)and vowels (Swar) form Gram from Shruti, so in the end we can say that the group of seven Swamuh established at the difference of certain Shruti is called Gram.

Gram is considered to be of three types:

(1) Shadj grams

(2) Medium gram

(3) Gandhara village

(1) Shadj Gram: - In ancient times each swara was established on its last shruti and seven swaras were considered according to this shloka written below.

“Chatushchatushchatushchaiva Shadj Madhyam Panchma: Dwai Dwai Nishad Gandharo, Tristi Rishabh Dhaivatoh”

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

S R G M P D N

(This is called Shadj Gram.) These seven swaras are established on 4:3:2:4:4:3:2 Shruti differences.

(2) Madhyam Gram: - By reducing one shruti of the fifth swar in the voices of 'Shadaj Gram', Madhyam Gram is formed "like in Shadaj Gram, Pancham is established on 17th Shruti; .

The swaras of Madhyam Gram are established on 4:3:2:4:3:4:2 Shruti intervals, it is called Madhyam Gram.

(3) Gandhar gRAM :- This was used by Gandharva people only. It is believed that Gandharva music also went with him when he went to heaven.

Bharat Muni did not write anything about it in his Natya Shastra, Matang Muni wrote it but did not explain it. This gRAM started ending in ancient times itself.